Student-reported experience of using virtual reality to tour a livestock farm
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56103/nactaj.v69i1.238Keywords:
virtual reality perceptions, attitudes, agriculture education, animal scienceAbstract
Gaining adequate on-farm experience can be difficult for students due to limited resources, time, and strict biosecurity protocols. This study assessed university student perceptions of the usability of a virtual reality (VR) farm tour focused on swine or dairy farming. Seventy-one participants experienced a VR farm tour. After completing the tour, students were asked about their enjoyment and the usability of the VR farm experience. Students with prior VR experience found the tours to be more enjoyable (P = 0.01), felt the tour was a good supplement to a real farm visit (P = 0.01), and were more likely to gain new knowledge after undergoing the tour (P = 0.01) compared to students with only previous augmented realilty (AR) experience. Thematic analysis identified themes in student responses including recommendations for farm welfare improvements and the potential benefits of VR for various audiences. Fifty-one students could suggest an opportunity to improve farm welfare after completing a VR tour. Most users (43 responses) recommended VR tours for student use. Overall, previous experience with VR matters when considering implementation in the classroom. Additionally, students found the VR tours to be moderately useful in teaching animal welfare. Further research is needed to address technological issues and explore the implementation of VR in classrooms.
Downloads
References
Al-Gindy, A., Felix, C., Ahmed, A., Matoug, A., & Alkhidir, M. (2020). Virtual reality: Development of an integrated learning environment for education. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 10(3), 171–175. https://doi.org/10.18178/ijiet.2020.10.3.1358
Alarcón, L.V., Allepuz, A., & Mateu, E. (2021). Biosecurity in pig farms: a review. Porcine Health Management, 7, 5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40813-020-00181-z
Ali, W. (2019). The Efficacy of Evolving Technology in Conceptualizing Pedagogy and Practice in Higher Education. Higher Education Studies, 9(2), 81-95. https://doi.org/10.5539/hes.v9n2p81
APLU. (2009). Human capacity development: The road to global competitiveness and leadership in food, agriculture, and natural resources, and related sciences (FANRRS). Washington D.C.: Office of Public Affairs.
Bobeck, E. A., Combs, D. K., & Cook, M. E. (2014). Introductory animal science–based instruction influences attitudes on animal agriculture issues. Journal of Animal Science, 92(2), 856-864. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2013-6918
Braun, V. & Clarke. V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology. 3:77-101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Brooks, F. P. (1999). What’s real about virtual reality? IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 19(6), 16–27. https://doi.org/10.1109/38.799723
Bundy, J. M., Sterle, J. A., Johnson, A. K., & Krahn, G. T. (2019). The impact of an introductory animal handling course on undergraduate students who lack previous livestock handling experience. Journal of Animal Science, 97(8): 3588–3595. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz095
Clarke, V., & Braun, V. (2017). Thematic analysis. The journal of positive psychology, 12(3), 297-298. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2016.1262613
Cicek, I., Bernik, A., & Tomicic. I. (2021). Student thoughts on virtual reality in higher education—a survey questionnaire. Information, 12(4), 151. https://doi.org/10.3390/info12040151
Colonius, T. & Swoboda. J. (2010). Student perspectives on animal-welfare education in American Veterinary Medical Curricula. Journal of Veterinary Medical Education, https://doi.org/10.3138/jvme.37.1.56
Dickfos, J., Cameron, C. & Hodgson, C. (2014), "Blended learning: making an impact on assessment and self-reflection in accounting education", Education + Training, 56 (2/3), 190-207. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-09-2012-0087
Ferrer-Torregrosa, J., Jiménez-Rodríguez, M. Á., Torralba-Estelles, J., Garzón-Farinós, F., Pérez-Bermejo, M., & Fernández-Ehrling, N. (2016). Distance learning ects and flipped classroom in the anatomy learning: comparative study of the use of augmented reality, video and notes. BMC medical education, 16(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-016-0757-3
Grassini, S. (2023). Shaping the future of education: Exploring the potential and consequences of AI and ChatGPT in educational settings. Education Sciences, 13(7), 692. https://doi.org/10.3390/edusci3070692
George, K. A., & Cole, K. (2018). Educational Value of Human-Animal Interactions in Post-Secondary Animal Sciences Curricula. NACTA Journal, 62(3), 237–242. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26769559
Heleski, C. R., & Zanella, A. J. (2006). Animal science student attitudes to farm animal welfare. Anthrozoös, 19(1), 3-16. https://doi.org/10.2752/089279306785593883
Huang, K. T., Ball, C., Francis, J., Ratan, R., Boumis, J., & Fordham, J. (2019). Augmented Versus Virtual Reality in Education: An Exploratory Study Examining Science Knowledge Retention When Using Augmented Reality/Virtual Reality Mobile Applications. Cyberpsychology, behavior and social networking, 22(2), 105–110. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2018.0150
Hummel, E., & C. Randler. (2011). Living animals in the classroom: a meta-analysis on learning outcome and treatment-control study focusing on knowledge and motivation. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 21:95-105. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-011-9285-4
Jawarneh, M., & Shariah, A. (2023). A Study on Effect of Virtual Reality Learning On Students: Usage on Classrooms. simulation, 16, 25.
Johnstone, E.C.S., Frye, M. A., Lord, L. K., Baysinger, A. K., & Edwards-Callaway. L. N. (2019). Knowledge and Opinions of Third Year Veterinary Students Relevant to Animal Welfare Before and After Implementation of a Core Welfare Course. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2019.00103
Kavanagh, S., Luxton-Reilly, A., Wüensche, B., & Plimmer, B. (2016). Creating 360° educational video. Proceedings of the 28th Australian Conference on Computer-Human Interaction - OzCHI ’16. https://doi.org/10.1145/3010915.3011001
Kelly, J. W., Cherep, L. A., Lim, A. F., Doty, T., & Gilbert, S. B. (2021). Who are virtual reality headset owners? a survey and comparison of headset owners and non-owners. IEEE Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR). 687-694. https://doi.org/10.1109/VR50410.2021.00095
Lopez-Fernandez, O., Williams, A. J., Griffiths, M. D., & Kuss, D. J. (2019). Female gaming, gaming addiction, and the role of women within gaming culture: A narrative literature review. Frontiers in psychiatry, 10, 454. https://doi.org/10.3389/fp-syt.2019.00454
Main, D. C. J. (2010). Evolution of animal-welfare education for veterinary students. Journal of Veterinary Medical Education. 37:1 https://doi.org/10.3138/jvme.37.1.30
Marougkas, A., Troussas, C., Krouska, A., & Sgouropoulou, C. (2023). Virtual reality in education: a review of learning theories, approaches and methodologies for the last decade. Electronics, 12(13), 2832. https://doi.org/10.33390/electronics12132832
Mijares, S., Sullivan, P., Cramer, C., Román-Muñiz, N., & Edwards-Callaway. L. (2021). Perceptions of animal welfare and animal welfare curricula offered for undergraduate and graduate students in animal science departments in the United States. Translational Animal Science. 5(4):txab222. https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txab222
Milgram, P., Takemura, H., Utsumi, A., & Kishino, F. (1995). Augmented reality: a class of displays on the reality-virtuality continuum. Telemanipulator and Telepresence Technologies, 2351:282–292. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.197321
Muldoon, J. C., & J. M. Williams. (2021). Establishing consensus on the best ways to educate children about animal welfare and prevent harm: An online Delphi study. Animal Welfare. 30:179-195. https://doi.org/10.7120/09627286.30.2.179.
Ng, D. S. C., Z. Sun, A. L. Young, S. T. C. Ko, J. K. H. Lok, T. Y. Y. Lai, S. Sikder, & C. C. Tham. 2018. Impact of virtual reality simulation on learning barriers of phacoemulsification perceived by residents. Clinical Ophthalmology, 12:885-893. https://doi.org/10.2147/opth.s140411
Ragland, E. C., Radcliffe, S., & Karcher, E. L. (2023). A review of the application of active learning pedagogies in undergraduate animal science curricula. Journal of Animal Science, 101, skac352. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac352
Rapolu, D., Young, L., Williams, F. M., Morton, J., & Lawson, A. (2023). An analysis of Virtual Reality utilization among STEM (agricultural sciences and engineering). Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference (pp. 1200-1204). Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE).
Schütz, A., Kurz, K. & Busch. G. 2022. Virtual farm tours- virtual reality glasses and tablets are suitable tools to provide insights into pig husbandry. PLoS ONE, 17(1): e0261248. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261248
Sullivan, P., Mijares, S., Davis, M., Oselinsky, K., Cramer, C., Román-Muñiz, N., Stallones, L., & Edwards-Callaway, L. (2022). A Nationwide Survey of Animal Science Students’ Perceptions of Animal Welfare across Different Animal Categories at Institutions in the United States. Animals, 12(17), 2294. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/ani12172294
Tang, F. M. K., Lee, R. M. F., Szeto, R. H. L., Cheung, J. C. T., & Ngan, O. M. Y. (2020). Experiential learning with virtual reality: animal handling training. Innovation and Education, 2(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42862-020-00007-3